The belt had slipped initially, as I said, when we were turning the crank/cams by hand (probably because we hadn't pulled the pin yet), so we took off the belt, turned all three sprockets around clockwise by hand until they lined back up, then put the belt back on. I'm wondering if this step caused a 33.3, 90, or 180 out condition, if that's even possible. That's the only thing I can think of.
The first time we turned it over, before we put the covers and other belts back on, it started for a second. We stopped it and noticed that the belt seemed to have jumped a full tooth on *all three* sprockets, which shouldn't matter one iota, so we left it because the tick marks were all still aligned with each other.
The crank pulley coming loose only messed up the keyway on the pulley itself, which we replaced. The keyway on the crank and on the sprocket were still perfectly good, no slop, and the new key we bought was directly from a Subaru parts counter.
Yes, the new key was dead on at 6 o'clock when we put the timing belt on because that's where it lands when the tick marks are aligned correctly.